C1002: How to Diagnose & Fix — ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Open
3 vehicles · 2 makes · $300-$1,500 repair
How to diagnose and fix C1002: most-reported vehicles
Ranked by owner reports. Each card gives the symptoms, how to confirm the cause, the fix, parts and sources for that vehicle.
Ford Flex · 2010–2013
The 2010-2012 Ford Flex with the 3.5L EcoBoost and all 2013 Flex models use an electric power steering system that is prone to sudden failure, leaving the driver with extremely heavy steering that requires significant effort to turn. The power steering control module can overheat or fail internally, and the steering motor itself can burn out. The failure often occurs without warning, typically during low-speed maneuvers like parking lot turns. This was one of the top NHTSA complaint categories for the Flex.
Common Symptoms
- Steering suddenly becomes very heavy and difficult to turn
- Power steering warning light illuminates on dashboard
- Steering assist intermittently cuts in and out
- Grinding or whining noise from the steering column
- Steering feels normal at highway speed but fails at low speed
How to Fix
Have the power steering control module and motor tested at a Ford dealer or independent shop with Ford-specific scan tools. The steering gear assembly with motor costs $400-$800 for the part, plus $300-$500 labor. Some owners have had success with aftermarket rebuilt units for $200-$400. Ford issued safety recall 15S18 (NHTSA 15V340) for 2011-2012 EcoBoost and all 2013 Flexes: dealers check the PSCM for loss-of-assist codes and replace the steering gear free of charge if found, otherwise update the PSCM software — check your VIN for open recalls.
Call to confirm they can assess your vehicle and perform the stated work. Search results do not confirm qualification, eligibility or coverage.
Sources for this issue (3)
Fiat 500 · 2012–2019
The electric power steering system can fail intermittently or completely, causing sudden loss of power assist. The steering column motor or its control module is typically the root cause.
Common Symptoms
- Sudden heavy steering
- EPS warning light
- Intermittent steering assist loss
- Steering wheel off-center
How to Fix
Replace the EPS motor and steering column assembly. Reprogram the EPS module with updated software if available.
Sources for this issue (1)
Ford Transit Connect · 2014–2020
The Transit Connect uses an electric power steering (EPAS) system that owners report failing, with reports ranging from under 20,000 to over 100,000 miles. Symptoms range from intermittent loss of power assist to complete failure requiring significant steering effort. The steering warning light illuminates and the system may enter a reduced-assist mode. Failures are more common in vehicles used for delivery routes with frequent low-speed turning.
Common Symptoms
- Power steering warning light on dashboard
- Intermittent heavy steering, especially at low speeds
- Complete loss of power steering assist
- Steering assist cuts in and out randomly
- Whining or grinding noise from steering column area
How to Fix
Before replacing hardware, check Ford Special Service Messages 47792 (2019 models: lack of assist or power steering fault message; recover the PSCM by module programming, or replace the PSCM if it will not communicate) and 48233 (2019-2020: loss of assist with DTC U0131, lost communication with the PSCM). If the assist unit itself has failed, replace the electric power steering gear assembly. After replacement, a steering angle sensor calibration must be performed with a Ford IDS or compatible scan tool. Used/remanufactured EPAS units from reputable rebuilders can save 40-60% over new OEM.
Sources for this issue (3)
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C1002 code reference
General diagnostic-code context. The code alone does not confirm a cause for your vehicle; use the applicable issue card and its sources.
Frequently asked questions
What does C1002 mean?
C1002 stands for "ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Open." This chassis code means the ABS module detected an open (broken) electrical circuit to the anti-lock brake system's hydraulic pump motor. That pump motor builds and releases brake-line pressure during ABS, traction-control, or stability-control events, so the module continuously checks that it can power the motor. An 'open circuit' means current can't flow — usually a wiring, connector, ground, or motor fault. Your normal brakes still work, but ABS and related stability features will typically be disabled with warning lights on.
What are the most common causes of C1002?
The most common causes of C1002 are: Open or broken wiring to the pump motor, Corroded, loose, or disconnected connector at the ABS unit, Failed ABS pump motor, Blown fuse or faulty relay feeding the pump, Poor ground connection, Faulty ABS control module/hydraulic unit, Low battery voltage or charging system fault. The specific cause varies by vehicle.
How much does it cost to fix C1002?
Repair costs for C1002 range from $300 to $1,500, depending on the vehicle and root cause.
Which vehicles are affected by C1002?
Au7o has documented C1002 across 3 vehicle models from 2 manufacturers: Fiat, Ford.
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Content compiled with AI assistance using NHTSA complaints, TSBs, and owner reports. May contain errors. Always verify with your vehicle's service manual.