C1002: How to Diagnose & Fix — ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Open
3 vehicles · 2 makes · $300-$1,500 repair
How to diagnose and fix C1002: most-reported vehicles
Ranked by owner reports. Each card gives the symptoms, how to confirm the cause, the fix, parts and sources for that vehicle.
Ford Flex · 2009–2013
The 2009-2013 Ford Flex uses an electric power steering system that is prone to sudden failure, leaving the driver with extremely heavy steering that requires significant effort to turn. The power steering control module can overheat or fail internally, and the steering motor itself can burn out. The failure often occurs without warning, typically during low-speed maneuvers like parking lot turns. This was one of the top NHTSA complaint categories for the Flex.
Common Symptoms
- Steering suddenly becomes very heavy and difficult to turn
- Power steering warning light illuminates on dashboard
- Steering assist intermittently cuts in and out
- Grinding or whining noise from the steering column
- Steering feels normal at highway speed but fails at low speed
How to Fix
Have the power steering control module and motor tested at a Ford dealer or independent shop with Ford-specific scan tools. The steering column assembly with motor costs $400-$800 for the part, plus $300-$500 labor. Some owners have had success with aftermarket rebuilt units for $200-$400. Ford issued a TSB with a software update that can help in some cases — ask the dealer to check for applicable TSBs.
Sources for this issue (1)
Fiat 500 · 2012–2019
The electric power steering system can fail intermittently or completely, causing sudden loss of power assist. The steering column motor or its control module is typically the root cause.
Common Symptoms
- Sudden heavy steering
- EPS warning light
- Intermittent steering assist loss
- Steering wheel off-center
How to Fix
Replace the EPS motor and steering column assembly. Reprogram the EPS module with updated software if available.
Sources for this issue (1)
Ford Transit Connect · 2014–2020
The Transit Connect uses an electric power steering (EPAS) system with a column-mounted assist motor that is prone to failure between 60,000-100,000 miles. Symptoms range from intermittent loss of power assist to complete failure requiring significant steering effort. The steering warning light illuminates and the system may enter a reduced-assist mode. Failures are more common in vehicles used for delivery routes with frequent low-speed turning.
Common Symptoms
- Power steering warning light on dashboard
- Intermittent heavy steering, especially at low speeds
- Complete loss of power steering assist
- Steering assist cuts in and out randomly
- Whining or grinding noise from steering column area
How to Fix
Replace the electric power steering motor/torque sensor assembly. Ford part DT1Z-3504-C covers most model years. The steering column does not need removal in most cases — the motor unbolt from the column. After replacement, a steering angle sensor calibration must be performed with a Ford IDS or compatible scan tool. Used/remanufactured EPAS motors from reputable rebuilders can save 40-60% over new OEM.
Sources for this issue (1)
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C1002 code reference
General diagnostic-code context. The code alone does not confirm a cause for your vehicle; use the applicable issue card and its sources.
Frequently asked questions
What does C1002 mean?
C1002 stands for "ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Open." This chassis code means the ABS module detected an open (broken) electrical circuit to the anti-lock brake system's hydraulic pump motor. That pump motor builds and releases brake-line pressure during ABS, traction-control, or stability-control events, so the module continuously checks that it can power the motor. An 'open circuit' means current can't flow — usually a wiring, connector, ground, or motor fault. Your normal brakes still work, but ABS and related stability features will typically be disabled with warning lights on.
What are the most common causes of C1002?
The most common causes of C1002 are: Open or broken wiring to the pump motor, Corroded, loose, or disconnected connector at the ABS unit, Failed ABS pump motor, Blown fuse or faulty relay feeding the pump, Poor ground connection, Faulty ABS control module/hydraulic unit, Low battery voltage or charging system fault. The specific cause varies by vehicle.
How much does it cost to fix C1002?
Repair costs for C1002 range from $300 to $1,500, depending on the vehicle and root cause.
Which vehicles are affected by C1002?
Au7o has documented C1002 across 3 vehicle models from 2 manufacturers: Fiat, Ford.
Content compiled with AI assistance using NHTSA complaints, TSBs, and owner reports. May contain errors. Always verify with your vehicle's service manual.